To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:
On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command. Mr. boxman mac os.
Feb 05, 2013 Up through Lion, a kernel panic looked like this (on an otherwise unresponsive screen). Starting in OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, OS X automatically restarts when you have a kernel panic, and then. Jan 22, 2014 Alright Mac gurus, I've got one for you. My inquiry involves my mid 2012 15-inch MacBook Pro with Retina Display and its frequent, inconsistent kernel panics, which started occurring shortly before Mavericks launched (which I hope rules out anything OS specific). For the record, I have.
Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.
Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts
- Command-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
- Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
- Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
- Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
- Command-A: Select All items.
- Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find window.
- Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
- Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
- Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.
- Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
- Command-P: Print the current document.
- Command-S: Save the current document.
- Command-T: Open a new tab.
- Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
- Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
- Command–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
- Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols.
- Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
- Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
- Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps.
- Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
- Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
- Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.
Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts
You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.
- Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
- Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
- Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
- Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject : Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down.
- Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
- Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
- Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
- Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
- Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.
* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.
Finder and system shortcuts
- Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
- Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.
- Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
- Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
- Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
- Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
- Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
- Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
- Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
- Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
- Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
- Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
- Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
- Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
- Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
- Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
- Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
- Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
- Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
- Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
- Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
- Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
- Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
- Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
- Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
- Command-J: Show View Options.
- Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
- Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
- Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
- Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
- Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
- Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
- Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
- Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
- Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
- Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
- Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
- Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
- Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
- Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
- Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
- Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder.
- Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
- Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
- Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
- Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
- Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
- Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
- Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
- Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
- Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
- Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display.
- Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.
- Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
- Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
- Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
- Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
- Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
- Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
- Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
- Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window.
- Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
- Command key while dragging to another volume: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it.
- Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
- Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
- Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
- Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
- Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
- Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.
Document shortcuts
The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.
- Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
- Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
- Command-K: Add a web link.
- Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
- Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
- Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
- Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
- Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
- Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
- Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
- Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
- Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
- Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
- Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
- Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page.
- Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
- Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
- Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
- Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
- Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
- Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
- Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
- Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
- Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
- Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
- Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
- Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
- Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
- Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
- Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
- Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
- Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
- Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
- Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
- Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
- Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
- Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
- Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
- Control-F: Move one character forward.
- Control-B: Move one character backward.
- Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
- Control-P: Move up one line.
- Control-N: Move down one line.
- Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
- Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
- Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
- Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
- Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
- Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
- Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
- Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
- Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
- Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
- Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
- Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
- Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
- Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
- Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
- Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.
Other shortcuts
For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another.
- Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
- Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.
Learn more
- Create your own shortcuts and resolve conflicts between shortcuts
- Change the behavior of the function keys or modifier keys
While that may sound a little ominous, there's no reason to panic. Restoring your Mac OS is pretty simple even for those who have limited computer troubleshooting knowledge.
Before you attempt any upgrades to your operating system or any software in general, backup all your files. Some OS restoring techniques will delete your hard drive. To learn more about backing up your Mac, go here .
What's even better is there are four ways to restore your operating system, so there are always backup options in case one didn't work. These options include restoring your OS from the Mac App Store, restoring it through macOS Recovery, restoring it via Internet Recovery Mode, and lastly, hooking up your machine to an external drive with a bootable version of your Mac OS.
Restore from Mac App Store
To restore from the Mac App Store:
1. Click on the Apple icon in the upper left corner of your screen.
https://softevery.mystrikingly.com/blog/fort-robot-mac-os. 2. Open the App Store.
3. Click on the Purchased tab in the Mac App Store window.
4. Look for your operating system from the list of purchased apps.
5. Click Download (you won't be charged for reinstalling apps).
6. Click Continue to confirm that you want to install software that is already on your computer.
7. After the OS has been downloaded, click Install.
8. Wait for the installation to finish.
Start up from macOS Recovery
If you encountered issues downloading the Mac OS from the App Store, you can restore your operating system through macOS Recovery. This will allow you to choose which versions of macOS you want to install on your Mac.*
When initializing macOS Recovery, the following key combinations will allow you to install different macOS versions:
● Command-R restores the latest macOS that was installed on your Mac without upgrading to a later version.
● Option-Command-R upgrades to the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac.
● Shift-Option-Command-R restores the macOS that came with your Mac or the version closest to it that is still available.
To initiate the restoration via the macOS Recovery
1. Start or restart your Mac.
2. Hold down any of the key combinations presented above.
3. Release the keys once you see the Apple logo or a spinning color wheel.
4. Wait for the macOS Utilities window to appear.
5. Continue to the next section and choose whether to erase your startup disk or begin reinstalling macOS.
Erase Startup Disk or Reinstall OS? https://site-4772850-232-571.mystrikingly.com/blog/room-51-mac-os.
Erasing your startup disk prior to restoring your Mac OS is up to you, however, you might want to do this if:
1. Your computer is having an issue that Disk Utility can't repair.
2. The macOS installer says that it can't install on your computer or volume.
3. Your startup disk can't be used to start your computer (this is likely to happen if you try to install an older macOS on top of a newer macOS).
REMEMBER, ONLY DO THIS IF YOU HAVE BACKED UP YOUR HARD DRIVE FIRST!
If you need to erase your startup disk,
1. Select Disk Utility from the utilities window of macOS Recovery.
2. Click Continue.
3. Select your startup disk in the sidebar of Disk Utility.
4. Make sure you select the disk name and not the volume name under it.
5. Click the Erase button or tab.
6. If you don't see an erase button or tab, select the volume name under the disk name, then look again.
7. Complete these fields:
Name: Enter a name for your disk, such as 'Macintosh HD'.
Format: Choose Mac OS Extended (Journaled).
Scheme (if available): Choose GUID Partition Map.
8. Click Erase to begin erasing your disk.
9. Once you're done, quit Disk Utility to return to the utilities window.
10. You're now ready to restore your macOS.
Restore your macOS
If you're done erasing your startup disk or you think it's not necessary, you may proceed with restoring your macOS.**
1. Choose Reinstall macOS (or Reinstall OS X) from the utilities window.
2. Click Continue, then follow the onscreen instructions.
3. Select a startup disk.
Smol lander mac os. 4. Click Install.
5. Provide your Apple ID to verify eligibility to install macOS if asked.
6. Wait for the installation to finish.
7. After the installation is finished, your Mac will restart.
Notes:
* If you're selling or giving away a Mac running on OS X El Capitan or earlier, use Option-Command-R to make sure that your Apple ID will not be associated with the installation.
**If you erased your disk before restoring your OS, or you're creating a new startup disk, your Mac will direct you to a setup assistant after restarting. If you're keeping your Mac, you can just use your own information to finish the setup. If you're selling or giving it away, press Command-Q to quit the setup assistant and finish the process. Minewell mac os.
Restoring Via Internet Recovery Mode
Sometimes, restoring your Mac OS via Recovery may not be possible – a damaged recovery partition being one of the possible reasons why. This is when Internet Recovery comes in handy.
Available on newer versions of Mac, the Internet Recovery mode is the internet-based counterpart of Recovery mode and works by downloading recovery tools from Apple's servers into your Mac. Internet Recovery Mode, however, only allows you to restore the OS that came preinstalled on your Mac when you purchased it as opposed to Recovery Mode which allows you to restore the latest version of your OS.
If both of your Mac's startup volume and its recovery partition are damaged or no longer work, the computer will automatically enter Internet Recovery Mode.
To start Internet Recovery Mode,
1. Go to the Apple menu.
2. Click Restart or power on your Mac.
3. Hold down the Command – Option – R keys immediately after your Mac starts.
4. Release the keys when the globe appears on the screen.
5. Wait for the Wi-fi menu to appear.
6. When the Wi-Fi menu appears, choose a Wi-fi network to connect to.
7. Once you're connected to the internet, your Mac will download a recovery system image from Apple's servers and use it to start the recovery process (note that this can take anywhere between a few minutes to a couple of hours).
8. Wait for the Utilities window to appear.
9. Click Reinstall OS.
Please note that you can only restore your Mac OS on a Wi-fi or Ethernet connection using WPA/WPA2 authentication protocols. If you're connected to a network using either WEP, WPA-Enterprise, PPPoE protocols or any proxies, you will need to change the network settings to the required configuration first before the recovery process can continue and make sure that it stays that way until the installation is complete.
If for one, reason or another, the Internet Recovery Mode didn't work as well, you can also restore your Mac OS by using an external drive with a bootable copy of your Mac OS.
Restore Your Mac OS via External Drive (see subject below for instructions on installing macOS on an external drive)
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If you install the Mac operating system on an external hard drive, thumb drive, or other storage device, you can use it to restore your OS instead of going through the other three options. Just make sure that your storage device has been properly formatted, preferably as Mac OS Extended, and not FAT, ExFAT, or NTFS.
You also need to confirm that it is using a GUID partition map to make sure that it can be used as a replacement for your startup disk.
To confirm:
1. Connect your external storage device to your Mac.
2. Choose Apple menu.
3. Click About This Mac.
4. Click the System Report button.
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1. Hold down the Option key.
2. Choose Apple menu.
3. Click System Information.
4. Select Storage from the sidebar.
5. Select storage device from the list of volumes.
Please make sure that the Partition Map Type shown for your storage device is GPT (GUID Partition Table).
Install macOS on Your Storage Device
Follow the same steps when restoring your macOS, but select your external storage device instead when the installer asks you to choose a destination disk.
After installing the operating system on a properly formatted storage device, choose one of these methods to use that device as the startup disk for your Mac.
Use Startup Disk preferences
If you use Startup Disk preferences to select a startup disk, your Mac will always use this disk to start until you choose a different one.
1. Choose Apple menu.
2. System Preferences.
3. Click Startup Disk.
4. Select your startup disk.
5. Restart your Mac.
Use Startup Manager
If you use Startup Manager to select a startup disk, your Mac will start from this disk once, then return to using the default disk.
1. Hold down the Option key after starting your Mac.
2. Release the Option key when you see the Startup Manager window.
3. Select your startup disk, then click the arrow or press Return.
Problem Selecting Startup Disk
If you're using third-party external devices, your Mac may have some trouble detecting it. Because of security concerns, some of these devices use Option ROM firmware that Mac computers with updated software don't automatically load.
To fix this, just press Option-Shift-Command-Period at the Startup Manager window. Do this each time you want to start from the external device or from a startup disk connected to it.
If you don't want to do this and you're using an older Mac model (2015 and before), you can can disable this security feature and allow your Mac to load Option ROM firmware. However, beware that doing this may make your Mac vulnerable to unauthorized access.
To disable this feature,
1. Open the Terminal app in the Utilities folder of your Applications folder.
2. Type sudo nvram enable-legacy-orom-behavior=1, then press Return.
3. To undo this command, enter sudo nvram -d enable-legacy-orom-behavior.
Notes:
1. The amount of time that it will take to start your computer and complete the installation process will largely depend on your external device's processing capabilities.
2. Should you wish to use an external USB drive as a startup disk, please remember that the drive must have Mac OS X Tiger v10.4.5 or later installed, and your Mac must have an Intel processor.
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3. If your Mac is using OS X Lion v10.7.3 or later, you can use Startup Manager to start from your Time Machine backup disk. You can find your Time Machine backup under the name 'EFI Boot.'