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MV Lyubov Orlova (built as Lyubovy Orlova)^[2] was a 1976 Yugoslavia-built ice-strengthenedMaria Yermolova-class cruise ship, which was primarily used for Antarctic cruises. After being taken out of service in 2010, she sat in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada for two years. Decommissioning was fraught with problems and the ship eventually became a floating derelict in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2013. She is believed to have sunk.^[3][4]

History[edit]

Lyubov Orlova was named after the Russian film star Lyubov Orlova. The ship was built for the Far Eastern Shipping Company based at Vladivostok in the Soviet Union.^[5] She served as an expedition cruise ship, like her equally unlucky sister MV Clipper Adventurer. Her hull was built to Finnish-Swedish ice class 1A, to withstand impacts with ice, and she often sailed in Antarctica and the Arctic.^[6]

The ship was refurbished in 1999, and chartered by Marine Expeditions for cruises to the Antarctic Peninsula in 2000. She underwent extensive renovations in 2002 and was subsequently chartered by Quark Expeditions for the Antarctic and Cruise North Expeditions for the Arctic.^[7]

Lyubov Orlova ran aground at Deception Island, Antarctica, on 27 November 2006.^[8] She was towed off by the Spanish NavyicebreakerLas Palmas and made her own way to Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego.

Loss[edit]

Decommissioning[edit]

In September 2010, Lyubov Orlova was seized at St John's, Newfoundland, Canada due to debts of US$251,000^[9] owed to the charterer, Cruise North Expeditions, from a cruise which was cancelled because of faults with the ship. In addition, the 51 crew members had not been paid in five months.^[10] The ship was impounded in Newfoundland and, in February 2012, was sold to Neptune International Shipping to be broken up.^[1]

Salvage and abandonment[edit]

The derelict vessel had been tied up in St. John's harbour for over two years and was being towed to the Dominican Republic to be scrapped. The tug Charlene Hunt, owned by American tug operator Hunt Marine, was contracted to tow the ship. The day after leaving the dock, the tow line parted. The crew of the tugboat tried to reconnect the line but was hampered by 35 km/h (22 mph) winds and 3 m (9.8 ft) waves. By 28 January 2013, Lyubov Orlova was drifting slowly eastward off the southeastern end of the Avalon Peninsula in Canada.

The offshore supply vessel Atlantic Hawk, with a 157 tonne continuous bollard pull rating, under contract by Husky Energy, was tasked with regaining control of the drifting vessel, which was a risk to oil and gas operations in the region. On 1 February 2013, Transport Canada announced that on 31 January, Atlantic Hawk had successfully gained control of Lyubov Orlova.

Once in international waters, Transport Canada decided to cut her loose. 'The Lyubov Orlova no longer poses a threat to the safety of offshore oil installations, their personnel or the marine environment. The vessel has drifted into international waters and given current patterns and predominant winds, it is very unlikely that the vessel will re-enter waters under Canadian jurisdiction,' the department said in a statement, giving safety concerns as their reason for not pursuing a salvage operation.^[11]

The ship was located on 4 February, approximately 250 nautical miles east of St. John's, (approximately 50 nautical miles outside Canada's territorial waters) and drifting in a northeasterly direction. She could have ended up almost anywhere from the Norwegian Arctic to western Africa, or stuck in the middle of the North Atlantic Gyre. Transport Canada reiterated that the owner of the vessel remained responsible for her movements, and measures had been taken to monitor the position of the drifting ship.^[12]

On 23 February, according to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Lyubov Orlova was spotted at roughly 1,300 nautical miles from the Irish coast.^[13] A week later, the ship was the subject of news reports in Ireland and Iceland, and a caution to smaller vessels was issued.^[14] On 1 March, Irish media reported that a signal from the vessel's emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) was received from 700 nautical miles off the Kerry coast, still in international waters. An EPIRB starts transmitting only when the device is exposed to water, leading experts to speculate that the ship may have sunk.^[15] The Irish Air Corps was expected to continue to monitor the region.^[16][17]

A review published in October 2013 cites the receipt of two EPIRB distress signals from Lyubov Orlova in mid-ocean, one on 23 February and another on 12 March.^[18]

Route[edit]

• September 2010–23 January 2013, St John's, Newfoundland harbour, 47°33′49″N52°42′4″W / 47.56361°N 52.70111°W
• 24 January 2013: tow lost
• 1 February 2013: second tow secured
• c. 7 February 2013: tow cut loose in international waters
• 23 February 2013: spotted 1,300 nautical miles (2,400 km; 1,500 mi) from Ireland 49°22.70′N44°51.34′W / 49.37833°N 44.85567°W

The ship is believed to have sunk in international waters after the EPIRB distress signals were activated in early 2013.^[19][20]

Tabloid speculation[edit]

In January 2014, there was speculation based on an interview with a salvager in the British tabloid The Sun that the ship might be nearing the coast of England and be infested with cannibal rats. The rumours were subsequently debunked.^[21][22][23]

In November 2017, the British tabloid the Daily Star speculated that wreckage buried in sand on the beach at Coronado, California might be the missing MV Lyubov Orlova,^[24] but the wreck is actually that of the SS Monte Carlo.^[25][26]

Influence[edit]

News coverage by the CBC and other news sources inspired the Canadian rock band Billy Talent to write the song 'Ghost Ship of Cannibal Rats' for their sixth studio album, Afraid Of Heights.^[27]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abEquasis(registration required)
2. ^'Vessel's Details'. Moscow: Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
3. ^'Cannibal rat-infested ghost ship likely sunk: experts'. NY Daily News. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
4. ^'Canadian TSB reports on loss of tow by 1962-built U.S. tug'. Marine Log. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
5. ^'Lyubov Orlova'. adventures in*. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011.
6. ^'Lyubov Orlova'. Adventure Smith Explorations. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
7. ^'Lyubov Orlova, Antarctic Peninsula'. Last Frontiers. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
8. ^'Cruise Ship MS Lyubov Orlova Runs Aground Needing Rescue In Antarctica'. CruiseBruise. Archived from the original on 7 March 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
9. ^Cox, Martin (1 October 2010). 'Lyubov Orlova Detained — Updated'. Maritime Matters: Shipping News. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
10. ^'Dozens of Russians stranded in St. John's'. CBC News. 30 September 2010. Retrieved 7 May 2011.
11. ^Tu Thanh Ha (3 February 2013). 'Cruise ship without crew abandoned in stormy North Atlantic'. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
12. ^'Russian ghost ship discovered off Ireland'. The Advertiser. AFP. 22 February 2013.
13. ^Pennell, Josh (23 February 2013). 'Orlova's emergency beacon activated'. The Weekend Telegram. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
14. ^Jón Pétur Jónsson (28 February 2013). 'Hefur þú séð Lyubov Orlova?' [Have you seen the Lyubov Orlova?]. Morgunblaðið (in Icelandic). Sagan segir að skipið reki nú í áttina til Noregs með fullfermi af rottum.
15. ^'Russian 'ghost ship' vanishes again'. USA Today. Newser. 27 May 2013.
16. ^Rogers, Stephen (1 March 2013). 'Drifting Russian ship may have sunk 700 miles off coast'. Irish Examiner.
17. ^'Russisch cruiseschip nog steeds spoorloos'. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 22 April 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
18. ^Fisher, Richard (20 December 2013) [5 October 2013]. 'How did we lose a 1400-tonne ocean liner?'. New Scientist.
19. ^'Atlantic ghost ship has probably sunk, says analyst'. BBC. 24 January 2014.
20. ^'Officials believe rat-infested 'ghost ship' has sunk'. Fox News. 26 January 2014.
21. ^Eveleth, Rose (23 January 2014). 'No, an Abandoned Ship Full of Diseased Rats Is Not Floating Towards Britain'. Smithsonian.
22. ^'No sign of 'rat-infested ghost ship' Lyubov Orlova off UK'. BBC News. 23 January 2014.
23. ^'Lyubov Orlova: Ghost ship carrying cannibal rats 'could be heading for Britain''. The Independent. 23 January 2014.
24. ^Ikonen, Charlotte (19 November 2017). ''Ghost ship' washed up on US beach 'remains of missing Russian cruise ship''. Daily Star.
25. ^'The Amazing Shipwreck At Coronado Beach Is Exposed For A Short Time!'. There San Diego. 28 February 2017.
26. ^Terry, Mick (21 November 2017). 'Shipwreck discovered off the coast of California may be former mafia casino'. Yachting & Boating World.
27. ^'Rat-infested ship abandoned in St. John's inspires Ontario band Billy Talent song'. CBC News. 18 September 2018.

External links[edit]

So, you've decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac's performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we'll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We'll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it's good to know the basic macOS timeline.

STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn't new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have 'fuel' to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

• Uninstall large unused apps
• Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
• Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren't comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic 'room cleaners'. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it's most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That's why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store

If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you'll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn't always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

1. Click the App Store icon.
2. Click Purchases in the top menu.
3. Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
4. Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8

The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.

Last Voyage Of The Orlova Beta Mac Os Catalina

How to get macOS El Capitan download

If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it's possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:

1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.

'I can't download an old version of Mac OS X'

If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don't expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.

But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.

After you've completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.

STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive

The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.

1. Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
2. Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
3. Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
4. Select external drive as a source.
5. Enter your Apple ID.

Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is 'captured' onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.

1. Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
2. Connect the external drive.
3. Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.

Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions

If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra

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Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave

Last Voyage Of The Orlova Beta Mac Os Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina

Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).

Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version

If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.